Physical Electronics

Universities
21
Programs
48
Major category
Engineering

Specialization introduction

Major introduction

Physical Electronics: Exploring the microscopic world of electrons and photons, the core discipline driving chips, communications, and quantum technology.

Program overview

Physical Electronics is a graduate program under Electronic Science and Technology. Simply put, it studies how electrons and photons "obediently work" and then turns them into various devices and systems. You'll learn core courses like semiconductor physics, optoelectronics, micro-nano fabrication, and quantum electronics, and get hands-on with experiments, simulations, and even cleanroom tape-outs. This program is perfect for students who love physics but want to dive into "hardcore" applications—like chips, lasers, sensors, and quantum computing. Chinese universities have unique strengths in this field: Tsinghua's Institute of Microelectronics, USTC's quantum lab, and Shanghai Jiao Tong's optical communication team all boast world-class facilities and projects, giving international students opportunities to engage in cutting-edge research. However, be warned: this major requires a solid foundation in physics and math, and the coursework is demanding—but the sense of achievement after mastering it is immense.

Major prospects

现在全球都在抢芯片和光电子的人才,中国更是砸钱搞半导体和量子技术。物理电子学正好踩在风口上:5G/6G通信需要高速光电器件,自动驾驶需要激光雷达,AI需要专用芯片,量子计算机需要极低温电子学。这些方向在中国都有大量研发投入,比如华为、中芯国际、京东方、腾讯的量子实验室都在招人。国际学生值得关注的是:中国在量子通信和硅基光电子领域领先,很多高校和企业有国际合作项目,毕业后可以留在中国工作,也可以带着技术回国。行业趋势是器件越来越小、速度越来越快、功耗越来越低,物理电子学就是解决这些问题的。

Career prospects

毕业后出路很广,主要分三类:第一是去半导体公司做器件工程师或工艺工程师,比如台积电、中芯国际、长江存储,起薪大概20-35万人民币一年(硕士),博士更高。第二是去通信或光电企业做研发,像华为、中兴、海康威视,做光模块、激光雷达或射频芯片,薪资类似。第三是去科研院所或高校继续读博,中科院、清华、北大都有很多课题组。另外,金融和咨询公司也会招物理电子背景的人做科技投资分析。对于国际学生,中国对高端人才有工作签证和落户优惠,比如上海、深圳的留学生创业补贴。整体来说,这个专业不愁找工作,但需要你学得扎实。

Subordinate programs