Electronic Science and Technology

Universities
59
Programs
124
Major category
Natural Sciences

Specialization introduction

Major introduction

Exploring electronic devices and systems to build the hardware foundation of a smart world.

Program overview

Electronic Science and Technology, simply put, is about studying how electricity becomes useful things—from phone chips to radar antennas, from LED lights to solar cells. This major leans toward the sciences, meaning you'll study a lot of physics and math, such as semiconductor physics, electromagnetic field theory, and fundamentals of quantum mechanics. But don't worry—these courses help you understand why electronic devices work. Core courses include circuit analysis, analog/digital electronics, signals and systems, microelectronics processes, and integrated circuit design. It's suitable for students who enjoy hands-on experiments, don't mind physics and math, and want to understand the inner workings of phones and computers. Chinese universities have unique strengths in this field, especially in microelectronics and integrated circuits. Tsinghua, Peking, Fudan, Shanghai Jiao Tong, and USTC all have strong labs and industry-university partnerships, with many courses directly aligned with industry needs. If you're interested in hardware, this major lets you understand the electronic world from the ground up.

Major prospects

现在这个领域正火。5G通信、物联网、人工智能芯片、新能源汽车电子、卫星导航……所有需要“感知、处理、传输”信息的地方都离不开电子科学与技术。中国正在大力发展半导体产业,很多公司都在招懂器件、懂工艺、懂设计的人才。国际学生可以关注几个方向:一是芯片设计,尤其是模拟芯片和射频芯片;二是新型显示技术,比如OLED和MicroLED;三是传感器和MEMS(微机电系统)。这些方向在中国有大量研发投入,而且很多高校和企业有联合培养项目,毕业后有机会进入像华为海思、中芯国际、长江存储这样的公司。行业趋势是器件越来越小、功耗越来越低、速度越来越快,所以懂新材料、新工艺的人会很抢手。

Career prospects

毕业后出路很广。最直接的是去半导体公司做芯片设计工程师、工艺工程师、测试工程师;也可以去通信设备商(比如华为、中兴)做射频工程师或硬件工程师;或者去汽车电子公司做嵌入式系统开发。薪资方面,国内应届生起薪一般在15-30万人民币(视城市和公司而定),有经验的工程师年薪可达50万以上。国际学生如果留在中国工作,很多公司提供签证支持,而且中国对高端技术人才有优惠政策。如果回国发展,学到的技术也很有竞争力。另外,读研深造比例很高,很多学生会继续读博士,进入高校或研究所。总的来说,这是一个技术壁垒高、越老越吃香的专业。

Subordinate programs